Euclidean Space
Then we shall use the cartesian product rn r r.
Euclidean space. The basic vector space we shall denote by rthe fleld of real numbers. Also a space in any finite number of dimensions in which points are designated by coordinates one for each dimension and the distance between two points is given by a distance formula. The formal definition of euclidean space can be written as.
Rof ordered n tuples of real numbers n factors. Euclidean space in geometry a two or three dimensional space in which the axioms and postulates of euclidean geometry apply. A euclidean space is a finite dimensional vector space over the reals rpof with an inner product middot dieffenbach 2013 the basic idea of a finite dimensional vector space is that a finite list of vectors spans across the space.
Originally it was the three dimensional space of euclidean geometry but in modern mathematics there are euclidean spaces of any nonnegative integer dimension including the three dimensional space and the euclidean plane dimension two. Euclidean n space sometimes called cartesian space or simply n space is the space of all n tuples of real numbers x 1 x 2 x n. As a simple example one vector in three dimensional space could be represented by the finite list 7 2 9.
Here x is called a point or a vector and x1 x2 xn are called the coordinates of x. It was introduced by the ancient greek mathematician euclid of alexandria and the qualifier euclidean is used to distinguish it from other spaces that were later discovered in physics and modern m. Typical notation for x 2 rn will be x x1 x2 xn.
A metric space that is linear and finite dimensional metric space a set of points such that for every pair of points there is a nonnegative real number called their distance that is symmetric and satisfies the triangle inequality. Euclidean space is the fundamental space of classical geometry.