Respiratory Dead Space
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A nonspecific term that fails to distinguish between anatomic dead space and physiologic dead space.
Respiratory dead space. The respiratory tract is so designed that during inspiration its upper part upto the level of terminal bronchiole is filled with atmospheric air. Below 350 ml it was reduced in proportion to the tidal volume. Particulate matter is trapped on the mucus that lines the conducting.
Dead space physiology carbon dioxide is retained making a bicarbonate buffered blood and interstitium possible. General anesthesia multifactorial including loss of skeletal muscle tone and bronchoconstrictor tone anesthesia apparatus circuit artificial airway neck extension and jaw protrusion can increase it twofold positive pressure ventilation i e. Total dead space can be seen as the addition of the physiological dead space v dphys and the instrumental dead space v dinstr.
Definition of respiratory dead space. Alveolar ventilation v alv is the part of ventilation that is effective for co 2 elimination whereas dead space ventilation is the ineffective part. In other words it is a space which includes air traveling down the trachea bronchi and bronchioles but no to the alveoli.
Medical definition of anatomical dead space. The anatomical dead space can increase with a large inspiration due to the traction or pull exerted on the bronchi by lung parenchyma the physiological dead space is those zones in the lung in which there is no elimination of co2 in other. Inspired air is brought to body temperature increasing the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen improving o 2 uptake.
Above a tidal volume of 350 ml btps the anatomical dead space was close to the predicted normal value for the subject. Factors that increase dead space. The physiological dead space below the carina approximated to 0 3 times the tidal volume for tidal volumes between 163 and 652 ml btps.
Farlex partner medical dictionary farlex 2012. An elevated physiological dead space calculated from measurements of arterial co 2 and mixed expired co 2 has proven to be a useful clinical marker of prognosis both for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and for patients with severe heart failure.
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